Kamis, 30 Mei 2019

Plural and Singular nouns


1. Singular Noun

Ketika benda itu hanya satu, maka benda itu singular atau tunggal. misalnya; a boy. a girl, a book, the pen. Jika kata benda tersebut singular, maka di dalam kalimat harus memakai article "a, an, atau the" atau di masukan kata "one".
misalnya: a book, an apple, one book, one pencil, the table.

2. Plural Noun

Jika benda tersebut lebih dari satu maka benda tersebut dikatakan Plural atau jamak. misalnya; boys, 2 books, the pens.
Di dalam bahasa Inggris, jika ingin merubah benda dari Singular ke Plural ada beberapa aturan;

a. Dengan menambah "s"
Misalnya: 

"book" menjadi "books"
"pen"   menjadi "pens"
"boy"   menjadi "boys"

b. Dengan menambah "es"
Jika kata benda tersebut diakhiri dengan hufur "s, z, X, sh, dan ch" maka bentuk jamaknya ditambah   dengan "es".
Contoh:

dish             dishes
watch          watches
buzz            buzzes
box             boxes

3. Kata benda yang huruf terakhirnya "y" dan didahului oleh konsonan maka cara membentuknya menjadi jamak adalah dengan merubah "y" menjadi "ies".
contoh:

lady           ladies
city            cities
army          armies

catatan:
jika kata benda yang berakhiran "y" dan didahului oleh huruf vokal maka tinggal menambahkan "s" saja, dan jangan merubah "y" menjadi "ies".
Contoh:

boy            boys
day            days

4. Kata benda yang huruf terakhirnya "f" atau "fe", maka dirubah menaji "ves".
contoh:

leaf            leaves
wife           wives
knife          knives
wolf          wolves

catatan: tetapi ada beberapa kata benda yang berakhiran "f'  dan kita bisa dengan hanya menambahkan "s" saja. misalnya;

chief             chiefs
grief             griefs
hoof             hoofs
roof             roofs
mischief       mischiefs
kerchief       kerchiefs

5. Irregular Plurals
Irregular plurals berarti kata benda yang singgular dan dalam bentuk pluralnya tidak ditambah "s" atau "es". misalnya;

man             men
woman        women
foot             feet
mouse         mice
child           children
louse           lice
goose         geese
ox              oxen
tooth          teeth

catatan:
ada beberapa kata benda yang tidak ada bentuk jamaknya. kata-kata benda tersebut adalah;
scissors, oats, tongs, dregs, trousers, pinchers, bellows, shears, mumps, victuals, tweezers, measles.

Senin, 27 Mei 2019

Have and Has


Have dan Has, sebagai kata kerja mempunyai arti yang sama, yaitu "mempunyai". Ini penjelasan singkat pemakaian "have" dan "has"

1. HAVE

I have.....       (Saya punya......)
you have....    (Kamu punya....)
We have....
They have.....
Toni and Tono have....
The boys have....
The cats have...

contoh kalimat:
I have a book.
You have 3 apples.
They have a big house.
Toni and Tono have new pens.
The boys have some books.
The cats have a big house

untuk membuat kalimat negatif yang menyatakan "tidak mepunyai" kita memerlukan "do not".

I do not have a book.
You do not have 3 apples.
They do not have a big house.
Toni and Tono do not have new pens.
The boys do not have some books.
The cats do not have a big house.

Kalimat tanya
Do you have a book? Yes, I do/ No, I don't
Do they have a big house? Yes, They do/ No, they don't
Do Toni and Tono have new pens? Yes, They do/ No, they don't.
Do the boys have some books? Yes, they do/ No, they don't.
Do the cats have a big house? Yes, they do/ No, They don't.
What do you have?
What food do they have for dinner?
What book do Toni and Tono have?

2. HAS

She has...
He has...
It has...
Shinta has...
Robi has...
The cat has...

"has" hanya digunakan untuk subject-subject seperti di atas, jadi kita tidak boleh mengatakan;

I has...
You has...
They has...
We has...
Toni and Tono has...
Contoh pemakaian "Has" dalam kalimat positif.

She has a book.
He has 2 cars.
It has a fish.
Toni has a new computer.
Tina has  beautiful hair.
The cat has a fish.

untuk merubah kalimat diatas menjadi negatif, kita memerluka "does not/ doesn't" kemudian "has" harus dirubah menjadi "have". Dengan kata lain "has" hanya dipakai dalam kalimat positif saja, dan akan berubah menjadi "have" jika dalam kalimat negatif dan kalimat introgatif.

She has a book.
She doesn't have a book.
He has 2 cars
He doesn't have 2 cars.
Toni has a new computer.
Toni doesn't have a new computer.
Does she have a book? Yes, she does/ No, she, doesn't
Does Toni have a new computer? Yes, he does / No, He doesn't
Does the cat have a fish? Yes, it does/ No, it doesn't
What does she have? She has a book.
What food does the cat have? It has a fish.
What fruits does Tina have? She has some apples.

Minggu, 26 Mei 2019

ADJECTIVE ORDER

    The use of adjectives is essential when trying to describe a noun or pronoun.  Good writers and speakers are able to use adjectives to create clear, mental images for the reader or listener.  As you continue to work on your English, don’t be afraid to use multiple adjectives to describe something. Using more than three physically descriptive type adjectives in sequence to describe one noun or pronoun would sound a little awkward.   When using multiple adjectives in a sequence, you must be aware of the correct adjective order.  The proper order of adjectives is listed below along with some examples for each category.

  1. Determiners – a, an, the, my, your, several, etc.
  2. Opinion – lovely, boring, stimulating, etc.
  3. Size – tiny, small, huge, etc.
  4. Shape – round, square, rectangular, etc.
  5. Age – old, new, ancient, etc.
  6. Color – red, blue, green, etc.
  7. Origin – British, American, Mexican, etc.
  8. Material – gold, copper, silk, etc.
  9. Purpose-dinning, meeting, running, swimmimg
Here are some example
  1. she has beautiful big eyes : Opinion-Size
  2. The large square dining table was decorated with white candles and beautiful vases of white roses. : Size-Shape-Purpose
  3. My uncle had his old wooden chairs repaired yesterday. : Age-Material
  4. These delicious Italian dishes don’t use tomatoes in any form. : Opinion-Origin
  5. She takes small round white pill with breakfast every day. : Determiner-Size-Shape-Color


PART OF SPEECH

On this occasion I will discuss about Part of Speech material. Those of you who have probably just used English and don't know that a sentence in English has parts called Part of Speech. This is also important to learn for those who are just learning English because we need to understand the parts of the sentence that make up the sentence in full and correctly.

So What is Part of Speech?
In grammar, the parts that make up a sentence in English are called part of speech. There are 8 parts in Part of Speech, namely noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, and interjection.

Parts of Speech
1. Noun 
Noun is a word that functions to name an object such as people, objects, animals, places, and other things. Examples such as paint, doctor, school, Bandung, pencil, bed, sugar, hair, etc.
Example of sentences:
- I buy a new computer today 
- Your hair is so beautiful, do you go to saloon for treatment? 

2. Verb 
Verb is a word that shows an action from someone or subject. The example is the study, drink, eat, drive, make, read, write, swim, walk, run, jump, etc.
Example of sentences:
- I study everyday at school 
- She is looking for her shoes 

3. Adjective
Adjective is a word that describes the nature of a noun or pronoun. His example is white, black, long, short, handsome, beautiful, smart, big, small, clever, smart, cute, and so forth.
Example of sentences:
- Rani is so beautiful, especially when she is wearing red hat 
- My paint has brown fur, It is so soft and shiny

4. Adverb
Adverb is a word that describes verb, adjective, and other adverb. His example is beautifully, quickly, honestly, fairly, always, usually, angrily, slowly, and others.
Example of sentences:
- She sings beautifully
- I always eat my foods slowly

5. Pronoun 
Pronoun is a pronoun for objects (noun). This noun is used so that we do not mention noun repeatedly. Examples of katan pronouns are I, you, they, we, he, it, that, those, these, this, and so forth.
Example of sentences:
- You will come to my house tonight, right? 
- He is really sleepy, so he slept in class 

6. Preposition
Preposition is a word used to indicate the location of an object or our position. Examples of preposition words are in, on, at, below, above, in front of, behind, near, around, and so on.
Example of sentences:
- My house is beside the mosque
- There is mouse under the table 

7. Conjunction
Conjunction is a word used to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. Examples of conjunctions are, For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So or that can be abbreviated as FANBOYS so that we are easier to remember.
Example of sentences:
- Do you like pink or blue? 
- Both mother and baby were treated in the hospital 

8. Interjection
Interjection is a short speech that describes a person's emotions or feelings. For example, Oh !, Ouch !, Eww !, Yummy !, Ahaa !, Oops !, Hurray !, Yippee !, and so on.
Example of sentences:
- Wow! Your dress is so beautiful! 
- Ouch! My knee is hurt, be careful. 

Kamis, 23 Mei 2019

Auxiliary verbs (can and could)


Auxiliary verbs which can also be called modal verbs. In English we know a lot of modal verbs, for example: cans, must, have to, has to, may etc. Now we focus on the modal verb can and can.

Can be used for:
* Express ability
Example:
^I can swim.
^I can swim. He can speak English
^He can speak English. Ron can drive     a car.
^Roni can drive a car.

* Used to make sentence requests / requests
We usually use question sentences if we want to ask someone to do something.
Example:
^Can you turn on the TV?
^Can you help me?
^Can you be quiet!

* Permission
We usually use cans to request or give permission.
Example:
A: Can I smoke in this room?
B: You can't smoke here.

For more details, note the formula for using cans below:

Positive Sentence
S + can + V1
Example:
^She can play soccer.
^They can swim.

Negative sentence
S + cannot / can't + V1
example:
^She can't play soccer.
^They can't swim.

Interrogative sentence
Can + S + V1
example:
^Can you sing a song? Yes, I can / No, I can't
^Can she play soccer? Yes, She can / No, She can't
^Can they swim? Yes, They can / No, They can't

Could be used for:
* Past / past shapes of cans, can be used to explain abilities in the past.
Example:
^I could swim when I was 5 years old. ^Toni could speak 7 languages.

To change the sentences into negative sentences, just add "notes" after the can.

^I could not swim when I was 5 years old.
^Toni Couldn't speak 7 languages.

* To make a sentence request / request and also an order / order
In this case if we use could in a command sentence or request, it will look formal or more polite when compared to using a can.
Example:
^Could you help me, please?
^Could you turn on the Tv, please? ^Could you tell me where the hospital is, please?

Rabu, 22 Mei 2019

THE SIMPLE PRESENT : YES/NO QUESTIONS


Yes no question is question calling for a short answer of yes or no. We just need to say yes or no to answer the question. The answer “yes” asserts a positive answer that make a positive sentence and the answer ”no” asserts the negative one.

EXAMPLE
Yes/No Questions and Short Answer

Be {am, is, are}
1.      Are you a doctor ?
Short answer :
·         (+) Yes, i am
·         (-) No, i am not
Long answer :
·         (+) Yes, i am a doctor
·         (-) No. I am not a doctor

2.      Is your mother ?
Short anser :
·         (+) Yes, she is
·         (-) No, she is not
Long answer :
·           (+) Yes, she is my mother
·           (-) No, she is not my mother

3.      Are they in the classroom ?
Shor answer :
·         (+) Yes, they are
·         (-) No, they are not
Long answer :
·           (+) Yes, they are in the classroom
·           (-) No, they are not in the classroom

Auxilary Verb {Do, Does}
1.         Do you smoke in your room, jhon ?
Short answer :
·           (+) Yes, i do
·           (-) No, i do not
Long answer :
·           (+) Yes, i smoke in my room
·           (-) No, i don’t smoke in my room

2.      Does mother ask you to close the door ?
Short answer:
·           (+) Yes, she does
·           (-) No, she does not
Long answer :
·         (+) Yes, she asks me to close the door
·         (-) No, she doesn’t ask me to close the door